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Medicaid basics Guide

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Medicaid is a joint state and federal program that pays for medical costs for people with low income. It is run by the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services (IHFS). However, most but not all applications are reviewed by the Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS). 

Each Medicaid program has its own income and other requirements. To get benefits, you might need to provide proof that you qualify. The IDHS or IHFS staff will tell you if you need to submit proof.

Learn more about Medicaid here.

Last full review by a subject matter expert
April 20, 2026
Last revised by staff
April 22, 2026

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Applying for MedicaidHow-To
Review the steps you need to take to apply for and renew Medicaid.
Appealing a Medicaid decisionHow-To
Learn how to appeal a Medicaid decision from the forms you need to getting a fair hearing.

Learn more

Spend-down process for Medicaid FAQ
Get the facts on how someone can qualify for Medicaid even if they're over-income through the spend-down process.
Receiving Medicare and Medicaid FAQ
Explore the differences between Medicare and Medicaid, and who might be eligible to receive both.
How property transfers can impact Medicaid for long-term care FAQ
Learn the impact that transferring property might have on Medicaid eligibility for long-term care.
Medicaid recovery after someone dies FAQ
Clarify what Medicaid might do to get back money spent on care after someone dies.

Worried about doing this on your own?  You may be able to get free legal help.

Apply Online

Take action

Applying for MedicaidHow-To
Review the steps you need to take to apply for and renew Medicaid.
Appealing a Medicaid decisionHow-To
Learn how to appeal a Medicaid decision from the forms you need to getting a fair hearing.

Learn more

Spend-down process for Medicaid FAQ
Get the facts on how someone can qualify for Medicaid even if they're over-income through the spend-down process.
Receiving Medicare and Medicaid FAQ
Explore the differences between Medicare and Medicaid, and who might be eligible to receive both.
How property transfers can impact Medicaid for long-term care FAQ
Learn the impact that transferring property might have on Medicaid eligibility for long-term care.
Medicaid recovery after someone dies FAQ
Clarify what Medicaid might do to get back money spent on care after someone dies.