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Date: 06/09/2026

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  3. Paternity or parentage
  4. Establishing parentage when the mother agrees

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Family & Safety

Worried about doing this on your own?  You may be able to get free legal help.

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The Big Picture

Explains that parentage is a legal relationship between a parent and a child, and the responsibilities of that relationship.
More on Parentage basics
Establishing parentage when the mother agrees How-To
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Sign the Voluntary Acknowledgement of Parentage (VAP)

Signing the VAP at the hospital

If the mother of a child is not married to the other would-be parent when the child is born, hospital staff will give her a Voluntary Acknowledgement of Parentage (VAP) form.  If both sign the VAP at the hospital, parentage will be established. The other parent's name will be added to the child's birth certificate. A legal document with a person's place of birth, time of birth, and parents

Signing the VAP later

If the mother and would-be parent do not sign the VAP before leaving the hospital, both can complete it later and mail it to the Department of Healthcare and Family Services. The parent's name will then be added to the child's birth certificate.

To fill out a VAP, use our Voluntary acknowledgement of parentage program. 

Parentage is now established

Parentage The relationship between a parent and a child is now established. This means that both parents must pay to support the child and can ask for parental responsibilities (custody) like decision-making power and parenting time Time that a child spends with a parent. Usually, the child lives mostly with one parent and has regular contact with the other (formerly called visitation). (visitation). Time spent between a child and a person who is not the parent Learn more about Starting a case to get parental responsibilities or custody.

Last full review by a subject matter expert
January 23, 2025
Last revised by staff
January 27, 2025

About our legal information

Take action

Registering with the Putative Father RegistryHow-To
Steps to register with the Putative Father Registry to have a say in whether a child is adopted.
Starting a case for parentage through DHFSHow-To
Steps to establish parentage through a hearing and genetic testing with Department of Healthcare and Family Services.
Starting a case for parentage in courtHow-To
Steps to establish parentage from the forms you need to the court hearing process.

Learn more

What is a paternity test? Text article
A paternity test compares the DNA of a child, mother, and an alleged father to see if the man is or is not the biological father of a child.
Voluntary acknowledgment of parentage or VAP basics Text article
A VAP is a legal form that establishes a legal relationship between a parent and a child. Both parents must sign the form. Once it is signed, it is very hard to undo.
My rights and responsibilities once parentage is established Text article
A parent has the right to parenting time (visitation) with a child. They can also ask for decision-making power over the child. They must also pay child support.
Undoing a Voluntary Acknowledgement of Paternity (VAP) Text article
Options for giving up a legal relationship with a child after the legal form has already been signed by both parents.
I want a person's name removed or put on a birth record Text article
Options for changing a birth record if paternity has been established or rejected.

Worried about doing this on your own?  You may be able to get free legal help.

Apply Online

The Big Picture

Explains that parentage is a legal relationship between a parent and a child, and the responsibilities of that relationship.
More on Parentage basics

Take action

Registering with the Putative Father RegistryHow-To
Steps to register with the Putative Father Registry to have a say in whether a child is adopted.
Starting a case for parentage through DHFSHow-To
Steps to establish parentage through a hearing and genetic testing with Department of Healthcare and Family Services.
Starting a case for parentage in courtHow-To
Steps to establish parentage from the forms you need to the court hearing process.

Learn more

What is a paternity test? Text article
A paternity test compares the DNA of a child, mother, and an alleged father to see if the man is or is not the biological father of a child.
Voluntary acknowledgment of parentage or VAP basics Text article
A VAP is a legal form that establishes a legal relationship between a parent and a child. Both parents must sign the form. Once it is signed, it is very hard to undo.
My rights and responsibilities once parentage is established Text article
A parent has the right to parenting time (visitation) with a child. They can also ask for decision-making power over the child. They must also pay child support.
Undoing a Voluntary Acknowledgement of Paternity (VAP) Text article
Options for giving up a legal relationship with a child after the legal form has already been signed by both parents.
I want a person's name removed or put on a birth record Text article
Options for changing a birth record if paternity has been established or rejected.
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© 2026 Illinois Legal Aid Online. 
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ILAO is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. ILAO's tax identification number is 20-2917133.