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Date: 09/17/2025

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Court & Hearings

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Starting a new case

Resources that cover the beginning of a case. This usually involves filing a Petition (noun) A written request to a court (verb) To request from a court or Complaint A written statement to start a lawsuit that says what the defendant did in court.

What is the difference between a summons and a subpoena?
Describes what a summons and subpoena are, how they are used and how they are different.
Text article
Fee waiver
This Easy Form helps you ask the court to waive or reduce filing fees.
Easy Form
Serving a summons
Learn how to properly notify someone that a lawsuit has begun by arranging for the delivery, or 'service,' of the summons, including different methods of service.
Text article
Starting a small claims court case
Steps to file a small claims lawsuit for $10,000 or less from the forms you need to preparing for trial.
How-To
Starting a case for parentage in court
Steps to establish parentage from the forms you need to the court hearing process.
How-To
Filing a motion to vacate a default judgment
Steps to file a motion to vacate a default judgment from the forms you need to how the court hearing works.
How-To
Vacating a default judgment
Learn what to do if you miss a court date and get a default judgment, including how to file a motion to vacate it within 30 days to avoid wage garnishment, frozen accounts, liens on property, and damage to your credit.
Guide
Selected statutes of limitations
Information about time limits to bring a lawsuit in Illinois in different areas of law.
Text article
Time limits to file your small claims case
Explains the statute of limitations for small claims cases
Text article
Starting a lawsuit
Definition of a lawsuit, who you can sue, and how to sue someone.
Text article
Proof of delivery
This Easy Form helps you prove that you sent a copy of a court document to the other parties in a court case. It's called a Proof of Delivery or Proof of Service.
Easy Form
Remote court hearings
Explains how remote court hearings work, how to know if you have one, and how to prepare. It also tells you what to do if you can't participate.
Text article
Law basics: service of process
A video about how to notify the person you are suing about a complaint or petition.
Video
Civil jury trials and civil bench trials
Learn about the differences between a jury trial and bench trial in civil cases.
Text article
Summons
Use this form to let someone know that you are starting a lawsuit against them.
Form link
What to consider before filing a small claims case
Lists information you should think about before filing a small claims case.
Text article
Venue and changing venue
Explains what venue is, where to bring a court case, and how to change venue.
Text article
Getting an outpatient commitment order
Explains the process for getting a loved one to receive outpatient treatment for a mental illness.
How-To
Where should I file my lawsuit?
This article goes over some general guidelines for where to file a lawsuit. However, this decision can be complex and filing in the wrong court could be costly and time consuming. Talk to a lawyer first about where to file your case.
Text article
Chicago's pro se court when the lawsuit is for $3,000 or less
Explains the special court in Chicago designed for people without lawyers and when the lawsuit is for $3,000 or less.
Text article
Law basics: where to file a civil lawsuit
A video about whether you can file your case in state or federal court.
Video
Undoing a default judgment after 30 days have passed
It is very hard to get rid of a default judgment if 30 days have passed since it was entered. You will have to file a petition for relief from the judgment.
Text article
Finding out about a debtor's money, property, and income
Learn how to use a Citation to Discover Assets to reveal a debtor's financial status.
How-To
Request to approve an unlicensed process server
A program to help you make forms to ask the court for permission to use an unlicensed special process server. A special process server can deliver court papers to another party in a legal case.
Easy Form
Starting a case to get a security deposit back
Steps to get a security deposit back by going to court from the forms you need to how the court hearing works.
How-To
Hiring a lawyer
This article explains the initial steps of finding, hiring, and meeting with an attorney for the first time. It also provides helpful questions to ask throughout the process.
Text article
Law basics: starting a lawsuit
A video about what you need to do to start a court case against a person or a business.
Video
Going to court on your own
Going to court can be scary. Prepare by watching this video which shows each step in the process.
Video
Request return of property - replevin
Use this form to sue for the return of your property wrongly being held by someone else.
Form download
Having a loved one admitted to a mental health hospital
Explains what an inpatient admission order is and how to get one for a loved one who has severe mental illness.
Text article
Civil appeals Illinois: State and federal
A handbook for lawyers on appellate practice in state and federal courts, covering post-judgment motions, standards of review, cross-appeals, interlocutory appeals, oral arguments, and more.
IICLE
Federal Criminal Practice
A handbook for lawyers on federal criminal practice, covering jurisdiction, grand juries, bail and detention, plea bargaining, motions, jury selection, sentencing, habeas corpus, and appeals.
IICLE
Tort Actions
A handbook for lawyers on tort law, covering pleadings, intentional torts, personal injury, federal claims, and injunctions, with over 30 causes of action, including medical battery, aviation, alcohol liability, premises, and professional negligence.
IICLE
Class actions
A lawyer resource on Rule 23 and class actions, covering investigation, discovery, notice, pleadings, motions, settlements, derivative suits, and attorneys’ fees.
IICLE
Business Law: Choice of Entity
A lawyer resource on business law that guides attorneys in selecting the appropriate entity type for clients, including tax considerations, fiduciary duties, and formation of Illinois corporations.
IICLE
Federal civil practice
A lawyer resource on federal civil practice, covering jurisdiction, pleadings, motions, discovery, pretrial, magistrate judges, trial, appeals, and more.
IICLE
Civil practice: Opening the case
A lawyer resource on attorney-client relationships, including case development, settlement, jurisdiction, venue, pleadings, affidavits, and related procedures.
IICLE
Causes of action: Common considerations
A lawyer resource on starting a cause of action, including petitions to perpetuate testimony, discovery to identify parties, adding respondents in discovery, class actions, and more.
IICLE
Civil Practice: Preparing for Trial
A lawyer resource on civil litigation, covering discovery, litigation rights, tax aspects, injunctions, declaratory relief, dismissals, summary judgment, pretrial conferences, and trial preparation.
IICLE
Federal courts common questions
Get answers to common questions about federal courts, including what cases they hear, where to file, and how to get legal help in Illinois.
FAQ

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ILAO is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. ILAO's tax identification number is 20-2917133.

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© 2025 Illinois Legal Aid Online. 
All rights reserved.
 
ILAO is a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. ILAO's tax identification number is 20-2917133.